Bhutan is a small landlocked, developing and only carbon negative country in the world. The condition of the nation’s environment is a key measure that results in happiness among all citizens. The constitution is based on the GNH model where environmental protection is top priority (Tutton, 2018). Nevertheless, with rapid socio-economic development, increasing population and urbanization, the country is seeing an increase in the amount of solid waste generated. More problematically is the composition of waste shifting from biodegradable to non-biodegradable waste (NEC, 2001). Accumulation of MSW is being increased every year in almost all the dzongkhags. There is vigorous effort to put waste management into the system including zero waste but didn’t lead to the disappearance of dumpsites and landfills. These unmanaged landfills release numerous greenhouse gasses such as methane CH4, carbon dioxide CO2, oxides of Sulphur, nitrogen, CFHC and numerous non-methanic pollutants. pc games free download xfer serum torrent youcam 9.torrent
Increase in per capita MSW generation is only the result of fast-growing human population and modern technology-based lifestyle. Municipal solid waste is trash or garbage which is generated from different municipalities of the city. Increase in the dumping of waste only leads to unmanageable amounts of waste resulting in pollution of air, water, land and affecting the quality of underground water. If segregation or proper waste management is not performed, some of the waste has toxic and infectious properties which can lead to major health hazards and they should be scientifically processed and treated before disposing of in landfills.
Bhutan despite being one of the cleanest countries. The landfill areas in Bhutan have gradually increased in the volume of MSW and there is a vigorous effort for the reduction of the volume of the solid waste but it has not led to the disappearance of the dumpsite. If the landfill is just filled and not utilized, the potential energy present in the solid waste will be wasted. The waste generation rate in Thimphu is 46,975 TPD and in Toribari/Phuentsholing, it was found 10,138 TPD. It is also reported that due to increase in population, urban development and change in lifestyle, it has greatly influenced the generation of solid waste. It has led to a gradual increase in the volume of MSW and there is no current method for the reduction of the volume of the solid waste.
Following issues are raised:
- Emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other non-methane pollutants which pollutes air, water and ground.
- Rotting garbage and waste emit a foul smell that can cause nausea among people who come into contact with it and its leachate to have a hazardous effect on the environment. traktor dj for mac free full crack torrent
- It can also be a source for waterborne diseases such as cholera, abdominal conditions and discomfort.
- Occupy large areas to landfill/ open dump all the waste.
- Esthetically unpleasant to see a huge accumulation of waste.
- Useful gases emitted could have energy potential which is just wasted into the atmosphere.
Research scope covered by the College of Science and Technology on Solid Waste and Water Engineering.
- Effect of landfill leachate infiltration on water bodies and soil, Phuentsholing.
- Analysis of Energy Potential in Municipal Solid Waste of Bhutan And Exploration of Alternate Power Source
- Biochemical methane potential assessment and enhancement of grass by anaerobic digestion
- Estimation modelling of leachate generation from Landfill sites of Bhutan. (ongoing)
- Performance Analysis of Data-Driven Water Models Using Water Quality Parameters of Wangchu River. (ongoing)
- Quantification of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted from municipal solid waste dumpsite/landfills in Bhutan using 3 GHG models (FOD, IPCC, LandGEM Model 3.02)
Author : Ms. Yeshi Choden, Faculty CEAD